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Diabetes in midlife linked to significant cognitive decline 20 years later

People diagnosed with diabetes in midlife are more likely to experience significant memory and cognitive problems during the next 20 years than those with healthy blood sugar levels, new research suggests. The study is believed to be the longest of its…

Brain folding study defines two distinct groups of mammals

Programs that control the production of neurons during brain development determine how the brain folds, researchers report. The researchers analyzed the gyrencephaly index, indicating the degree of cortical folding, of 100 mammalian brains and identifi…

Chemical compound that decreases effects of multiple sclerosis found

Multiple sclerosis is triggered when the immune system attacks the myelin sheath, the protective covering around the axons of nerve fibers. Currently available therapies are only partially effective in preventing the onset of permanent disability in MS…

How early trauma influences behavior

Traumatic and stressful events during childhood increase the risk to develop psychiatric disorders, but to a certain extent, they can also help better deal with difficult situations later in life. Researchers have studied this phenomenon in mice to lea…

Natural ‘high’ could avoid chronic marijuana use

Replenishing the supply of a molecule that normally activates cannabinoid receptors in the brain could relieve mood and anxiety disorders and enable some people to quit using marijuana, a new study suggests.

Neuronal encoding of the switch from specific to generalized fear

Fear memories are crucial for survival. However, excessive generalization of such memories, characterized by a failure to discriminate dangerous from safe stimuli, is common in anxiety disorders. Researchers identified distinct neuronal populations in …

Researchers Explore Three-Dimensional Microsurgical Anatomy of Brainstem

A study using intricate fiber dissection techniques provides new insights into the deep anatomy of the human brainstem—and helps to define “safe entry zones” for neurosurgeons performing brainstem surgery, according to a new article.

High school football players show brain changes after one season, even in absence of concussions

Some high school football players exhibit measurable brain changes after a single season of play even in the absence of concussion, according to a new study.

Imaging shows brain connection breakdown in early Alzheimer’s disease

Changes in brain connections visible on MRI could represent an imaging biomarker of Alzheimer’s disease, according to a new study. Alzheimer’s disease is the most common form of dementia. As many as 5 million Americans are affected, a number expected t…

PET/CT shows pituitary abnormalities in veterans with PTSD

Hybrid imaging with positron emission tomography and computed tomography (PET/CT) in the pituitary region of the brain is a promising tool for differentiating military veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) from those with mild traumatic b…