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Striking difference between neurons of humans and other mammals

Human neurons have a lower density of ion channels than expected, compared to neurons of other mammals, according to a new study. The researchers hypothesize that a lower channel density may have helped the human brain evolve to operate more efficiently.

New imaging biomarkers predict antidepressant response

The outcome predictive models were developed in part using data from a large multi-center study. The findings provide strong evidence that the current trial-and-error approach used in clinical practice for the selection of the right antidepressant can …

Listening to favorite music improves brain plasticity

Researchers have demonstrated that repeated listening to personally meaningful music induces beneficial brain plasticity in patients with mild cognitive impairment or early Alzheimer’s disease.

Blood plasma protein fibrinogen interacts directly with nerve cells to cause brain inflammation

Before soluble fibrinogen, a blood plasma protein, is converted into insoluble fibrin molecules that can toxically accumulate outside blood vessels in the brain, fibrinogen connects directly with neurons and can cause a damaging inflammatory reaction, …

Flame retardants linked to autistic-like behavior, research finds

Researchers have found that when female mice exposed to PBDEs pass on these neuroendocrine-disrupting chemicals to their developing offspring, the female offspring show traits relevant to autism spectrum disorders.

New insights into how the infant microbiome impacts early childhood behavior in boys and girls

A new study has found a direct and sex-specific association between the composition of infant microbiome and early childhood behavioral health.

For women, greater exposure to estrogen in life may protect brain regions that are vulnerable to Alzheimer’s

The drop in estrogen levels that occurs with menopause brings declines in the volumes of ‘gray matter,’ the cellular matter of the brain, in key brain regions that are also affected in Alzheimer’s disease. But a new study suggests that greater cumulati…

Study links gene to cognitive resilience in the elderly

Researchers have discovered that environmental enrichment appears to activate a protein called MEF2, which controls a genetic program in the brain that promotes resilience to cognitive decline.

Bilingualism comes naturally to our brains

The brain uses a shared mechanism for combining words from a single language and for combining words from two different languages, a team of neuroscientists has discovered. Its findings indicate that language switching is natural for those who are bili…

Gene therapy boosts Parkinson’s disease drug benefits

A new gene therapy targeting the small brain region where dopamine neurons reside, the substantia nigra, substantially boosts the benefits of the drug levodopa in Parkinson’s. The therapy restored the ability of these neurons to convert levodopa to dop…