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Dopamine signals in primate brains

We’re all familiar with Pavlovian conditioning, in which a reward-anticipatory behavior follows a reward-predicting stimulus. Perhaps you experience it yourself when passing a cafe or restaurant and catching a whiff of something delectable. Behind this…

How the brain uses ‘building blocks’ to navigate social interactions

Our brains use basic ‘building blocks’ of information to keep track of how people interact, enabling us to navigate complex social interactions, finds a new study.

Butterflies choose mates because they are more attractive, not just easier to see

A simple neural change alters mating preferences in male butterflies, aiding rapid behavioral evolution, researchers report.

Good parenting helps, but has limits under major deprivation

Parenting skills can make a big difference in fostering a newborn’s language acquisition and cognition, but there may be a limit to how far parenting can go to make up the challenges to developing this skill in those born in highly disadvantaged backgr…

Study pinpoints the impact of prenatal stress across 27 weeks of pregnancy

Researchers found new insights on the timing of prenatal stress and its effect on infant stress reactivity and temperament — including differences between genders.

Decoding the neural basis of affective empathy: How the brain feels others’ pain

A research team has uncovered key insights into how the brain processes others’ distress. Using miniature endoscopic calcium imaging, the researchers identified specific neural ensembles in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) that encode empathic freez…

Humans have a long way to go in understanding a dog’s emotions

New research has revealed that people often do not perceive the true meaning of their pet’s emotions and can misread their dog. The reasons for this are many and include a human misunderstanding of dog expressions due to a bias towards projecting human…

Worldwide study finds high rates of depression and anxiety in people with chronic pain

A novel analysis of more than 375 published studies concluded that the association between chronic pain and rates of depression and anxiety is staggering. The study found that 40% of adults with chronic pain experienced ‘clinically significant depressi…

Paralyzed man moves robotic arm with his thoughts

Researchers have enabled a man who is paralyzed to control a robotic arm through a device that relays signals from his brain to a computer. He was able to grasp, move and drop objects just by imagining himself performing the actions.

Memory is impaired in aged rats after 3 days of high-fat eating

Just a few days of eating a diet high in saturated fat could be enough to cause memory problems and related brain inflammation in older adults, a new study in rats suggests.